In intensive care units (ICUs), nurses are at the forefront of providing critical care to patients with complex medical needs. While basic hemodynamic monitoring is foundational, certain patient conditions necessitate advanced monitoring techniques.

Clinical inquiry is one of the foundations of nursing practice.

This educational program aims to elevate the knowledge base of participants by focusing on two key objectives: (1) enhancing their ability to identify various types of heart failure as defined by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, and cardiogenic shock as outli